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1 gap-ripur
f. pl., or gap-riplar, m. pl. an απ. λεγ., for the reading vide Johnson. Nj. Lat. l. c., gaping, staring with open mouth, Nj. (in a verse). -
2 SKARÐ
n.1) notch, hack, in the edge of a thing (skörð vóru fallin í sverðit); s. í vörr, a hare-lip;2) empty space, breach, gap (höggva s. í ætt e-s);3) mountain pass.* * *n. [A. S. sceard; Engl. shard; Germ. scharte; Dan. skaard]:—a notch, chink in the edge of a thing; skörð vöru fallin í sverðit, Fs. 62; þá beit Egill skarð ór horninu, Eg. 605; skarð í vör, a hare-lip, Fms. x. 88; skarð í vör Skíða, Sd.: of the moon, hvel á tungli er nær sólu, en skarð firr, Rb. 452 (skarðr máni); leysi af með skinni, eðr leysi skarð ór skinni, Gþl. 448.2. an empty, open place, in a rank or a row; skarð fyrir skildi (see skjöldr), Fas. iii. 42, 43; betra er oss skarð ok missa í flota Ólafs, Hkr. i. 334; nú ef skörð verða á, þá skal ármaðr þau skörð bæta, N. G. L. i. 101; skarð í ætt e-s, Fs. 6; höggva skarð í ætt e-s, Eg. 475 (metaphor from a fence); var nú úhægt at verja þat skarð er þessir höfðu staðit, Fms. x. 361; en ef þeir synja þér manntals, þá máttú telja skörð (loss of right, deficiency) á hendr þeim, N. G. L. i. 98; ef skríða skal í þat skarð sem Ormr reytti af þér, Ölk. 36.3. [cp. Cumbrian Scarf-gap], a mountain pass, Ölk. 37; vestr yfir skörðin, Fs. 41; austr um skörð, Skíða R.; hamra-skarð, fjall-skarð, q. v.: freq. in local names, Skarð, Skörð; Skarð-verjar, m. pl. the men from Skarð, Sturl. i. 199; Skarða-leið, the way through the Skörð, iii. 15; Skarðs-heiðr, Skarð-strönd, Vatnsdals-skarð, Ljósavatns-skarð, Haukadals-skarð, Kerlingar-skarð, Geita-skarð, Landn., map of Icel. skarða-lauss, adj. whole, undiminisbed, D. N. -
3 gapa
* * *(-ta, -at), v. to gape, open the mouth wide.* * *pret. gapði, Edda 20, Mart. 118; and gapti, pres. gapi, Bs. i. 647; sup. gapat, imperat. gapi, Skm. 28: [Dan. gabe; Germ. gaffen]:—to gape, open the mouth wide, Edda l. c.; með gapanda munn, of a wolf, 41, Fms. iv. 57; með gapandi höfðum, Þórð. 94 new Ed. -
4 SKJÖLDR
(gen. skjaldar, dat. skildi; pl. skildir, acc. skjöldu), m. shield;hafa e-n at skildi fyrir sér, to have another as a shield before one;bera efra (hærra) skjöld, to have the best of it, to gain the day;þjóna undir þann skjöld, to serve under that standard;leika tveim skjöldum, to play a double game;koma í opna skjöldu, to attack in flank (from the left);skjóta skildi yfir e-n, to protect one.* * *m., gen. skjaldar, dat. skildi; an old dat. in poets skjaldi,—hj aldrs á mínum skj aldi, Eb. 27 new Ed. (in a verse); h aldorð í bug skj aldi, Fms. vi. (in a verse); h aldir fast ok skj aldi, Kormak: plur. skildir; acc. skjöldu, mod. skildi: [Ulf. skildus = θυρεός, Ephes. vi. 16; Dan. skjold; Swed. sköld; common to all Teut. languages: it is commonly derived from skjól, shelter, although the short root vowel and the final d of skild speak against this: ‘skillingr’ or ‘skildingr’ ( a shilling) may be a derivative from ‘skildus,’ from the shape, and from the painted or scratched ‘ring’ on the shields; see below: in fact, an old poet (Bragi) calls the shield ‘the penny of the hall of Odin.’]A. A shield, the generic name; the special names are, rönd, rít, baugr, targa, lind; þeir höfðu ekki langa skjöldu, Fas. i. 379; góðan skjöld ok þjökkan á hálsi, Sks. 407; skjöld á hlið, Bjarn. 62, and so in countless instances.II. special phrases; halda skildi fyrir e-m (e-n), to hold one’s shield, as a second in a holmganga, Glúm. 332, Korm. 88; or, fyrir e-n, Ísl. ii. 257; era héra at borgnara þótt hæna beri skjöld, Fms. vii. 116: hafa e-n at skildi, to have another as one’s shield, i. e. seek shelter behind him, Nj. 8; bera efra skjöld, to carry the highest shield, gain the day, Fas. i. 383, Fms. x. 394: þjóna undir þann skjöld, to serve under that shield, that standard, vii. 293; þjóna undir sama skjöld, viii. 109: binda öllum jafnan skjöld, to tie the same shield to all, treat all in one fashion (metaphor from a withy-shield?), Clem. 44: leika tveim skjöldum, to play with two shields, play a double game (metaphor from the red and white shields, see B), Am. 70, Hkr. i. (in a verse): koma í opna skjöldu, to fall into the open (hollow) shield, to attack in flank ( from the left), Fms. vi. 408, Stj. 365, Eg. 295, Fb. ii. 123; rennir sá maðr í kirkjugarð, ok sækir þingat skjöld, and seeks protection there, N. G. L. i. 352; múrr ok skjöldr, Mar.III. of any shield-formed thing; tólgar-s., a round piece of tallow; also of shield-like spots on cattle or whales: of a white tablet in churches, Vm. 142, 162, 168, Ám. 55, Pm. 17: brjóst-skjöldr, a round brooch.IV. a pr. name, Nj., Hkr. (of the son of Odin, the ancestor of the Danish kings); Skjöldungar, Edda; Skjöldr Skánunga goð, Fb. iii. 246.COMPDS: skjaldarband, skjaldarbukl, skjaldarfetill, skjaldarjötunn, skjaldarrönd, skjaldarskirfl, skjaldarsporðr.B. Remarks on the shield.—A shield was raised as a signal in time of war; a red shield betokened war (rauðr skjöldr, her-skjöldr), a white shield peace (hvítr skjöldr, friðar-skjöldr, a peace-shield); in a battle the red shield was hoisted, Hkv. 1. 33; but, bregða upp friðar skildi, to hoist the (white) shield of peace, was a sign that the battle was to cease; hann lét skjóta upp skildi hvítum, Fagrsk. 6l, Fms. vii. 23; hence also the phrase, bera herskjöld, or, fara herskildi, to harry, overrun a land with the ‘war shield,’ see frið-skjöldr and her-skjöldr (s. v. herr). War ships were lined from stem to stern with a wall of shields,—skip skarat skjöldum, or skjaldat skip; hann kom í Bjarnar-fjörð með al-skjölduðu skipi, síðan var hann Skjaldar-Björn kallaðr, Landn. 156. The halls of the ancients were hung all round with a row of shields, Gm. 9, Edda 2, Eg. 43, see the curious story in Fas. iii. 42. For the shield-wall in battles see skjald-borg. Ancient sayings; nú er skarð fyrir skildi, now there is a gap for a shield, a breach in the fence, of a heavy loss, such as the death of a person, nú er skarð fyrir skildi, nú er svanrinn nár á Tjörn, Jón Þorl.; höggva skarð í skildi e-s, to cut a notch in one’s shield, inflict a severe blow, Orkn. (in a verse). Shields were furnished with a painted or carved ‘ring’ representing mythological or heroic subjects; these rings are the earliest works of Northern art on record, hence come the names rít, baugr, rönd, of which rít points to scratching (whereas Bragi used ‘fá’ = to paint); rauðum skildi, rönd var ór gulli, Hkv. 1. 33. Such shields were a lordly gift, and gave rise to several ancient poems treating of the subjects carved or painted on the shield, such as the famous Haust-löng by Thjodolf, the Ragnars-kviða by Bragi, the two Beru-drápur (Shield-songs) by Egill; these ‘shield-lays’ were afterwards the sources of the writer of the Edda, but only a few fragments are preserved; (cp. the Greek lay on ‘the shield of Heracles,’ and the lay on Achilles’ shield in the Iliad.)
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